| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Destruction of Neuss ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Destruction of Neuss
The Destruction of Neuss occurred in July 1586, during the Cologne War. Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma's troops surrounded the city of Neuss, an important Protestant garrison in the Electorate of Cologne. After the city refused to capitulate, Parma's army reduced the city to rubble, through a combination of artillery fire, destructive house to house fighting, plundering; during the battle, a fire started that destroyed most of the rest of the city. In total, approximately 3000 civilians died, of a population of approximately 4500, and the entire garrison was killed.
==Situation in 1586==
(詳細はGebhard Truchsess von Waldburg supporters in February 1586. Adolf Count of Moers and Neuenahr reinforced and supplied the city and took most of his troops north, to Moers and Venlo, leaving the young Friedrich Cloedt in command of the city. Cloedt had a garrison of 1600 men, mostly Germans and Dutch soldiers; some had military experience, but many were recent recruits.〔Leonard Ennen, ''Geschichte der Stadt Köln,'' v. 5, specifically p. 178. 1880.〕 One hundred years earlier it had resisted a lengthy siege by Charles the Bold of Burgundy, and for its efforts, the emperor had granted Neuss the right to mint its own coins and to incorporate the imperial arms in its own coat of arms. In June, the Duke of Parma approached the city, and surrounded its landed fortifications; he was supported by Karl von Mansfeld, Francisco Verdugo, and Salentin VII of Isenburg-Grenzau.〔 J. H. Hennes, ''Der Kampf um das Erzstift Köln,'' Cologne, 1878, p. 178.〕
Parma had an impressive force at his command; in addition Mansfeld's 2000 troops, he had another 6000 or so foot and Tercios, plus 2000 mounted, experienced Italian, Spanish and some German soldiers, plus some 45 cannons, which Parma distributed on the redoubt across the river, and on the heights some short distance from the city walls.〔Charles Maurice Davies ''The history of Holland and the Dutch nation'', vol. 3, 1851, p. 188, reported Parma had as many as 18,000 troops; most sources settle the number at closer to 10,000: See Hennes, ''Der Kampf um das Erzstift Koln,'',Ennen, ''Geschichte der Stadt Köln'' and J. Hansen, ''Nuntiaturberichte aus Deutschland: Der Kampf um Köln,'' Berlin, 1892.〕 Prior to the cannonade, Parma requested the capitulation of the city, which was declined, officially with great politeness, but as Parma's emissary returned to the Spanish camp, he was followed by jeers and insults from the townsmen. The next day, being the feast of St. James, and the patron day for the Spanish, the battle was not joined, however reports circulated in the Spanish camp that two soldiers, captured in the previous days' sorties, had been roasted alive in the market square to desecrate the Holy day.〔 Hennes, 179; Martin Philipson, ''Ein Ministerium unter Philipp II.'' published 1895, p. 575.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Destruction of Neuss」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|